Archives - Page 2

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  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 15 No. 2 (2000)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editors:                                                        Jaime An Lim, Ph.D

                                                                      Angelina M. Bacala, Ph.D.               

         

  Associate Editor:                                              Marietta Esperanza P. Cruz

   

  Production Assistant:                                      Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  Managing Editor:                                            Alicia D. Bartolome

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 14 No. 2 (1999)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editors:                                                                Jaime An Lim                         

  Associate Editor:                                            M. Esperanza P. Cruz

  Managing Editor:                                            Alicia D. Bartolome

  Production Assistant:                                      Cherly S. Adlawan

  Executive Director:                                            Jimmy Y. Balacuit

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 12 No. 1 (1997)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editor:                                                             Jaime An Lim

                                                                                                                   

   

  Associate Editor:                                       Marife M. Mamauag

   

  Managing Editor:                                         Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Production Assistant:                                Cherly H. Sabaduquia

   

  Executive Editor:                                           Jimmy Y. Balacuit

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 19 No. 2 (2005)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  
  Editor:                                                                    Christine F. Godinez-Ortega

  
  Issue Editors:                                                            Virginia A. Sombilon
                                                                                 Monera A. Salic-Hairulla

  
  Managing Editor:                                                     Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  
  Production Assistant:                                               Cherly S. Adlawan

   

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 11 No. 1 (1996)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editors:                                                                Jaime An Lim                                                                     

   

  Associate Editor:                                            Marife  M.  Mamauag

   

  Managing Editor:                                            Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Executive Director:                                            Jimmy Y. Balacuit

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 11 No. 2 (1996)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Proceedings of the 1st Mindanao Mathematics Teachers' Training-Seminar Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology 13-15 December 1996 Mini-Theater MSU Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City

   

  Editors:                                                                Jaime An Lim

                                                                              Harry M. Carpio

   

   

   

  Associate Editor:                                            Marife  M.  Mamauag

   

  Managing Editor:                                            Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Executive Director:                                            Jimmy Y. Balacuit

   

   

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 14 No. 1 (1999)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editors:                                                                      Jaime An Lim

                                                                                    B.R. Rodil

   

  Associate Editor:                                                     M. Esperanza P. Cruz

   

   

  Production Assistant:                                           Cherly S. Adlawan

   

   

  Managing Editor:                                                Alicia D. Bartolome

• 

  The Technician

  Vol. 8 No. 2 (1990)

   

   THE TECHNICIAN is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts,humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinnions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official viewa or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial  Board. Materials Published  here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher. Inquiries regarding permission to use any material may be sent directly to:

   

  The Editor-in-Chief   

  THE TECHNICIAN 

  Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City 

                                                                 

                                                                                                                    

  Board of Editors:

  Editor-in-Chief:                                                            Gabino T. Puno

  Ex-Officio Member:                                                    Severino V. Gervacio

  Member:                                                                     Harry Carpio

                                                                                      Paulino Gamolo

   

  Business and Cirulation Manager:                        Eduardo C. Maruhom

  Typist:                                                                       Leda C. Gonzales

  Artist-Illustrator:                                                     Denis R. Orellana 

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 13 No. 2 (1998)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Copy Editor                                       Arnold P. Alamon

  Production                                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  EDITORIAL BOARD

  Issue Editor                                       Amabelle A. Embornas

  Associate Editor                                German V. Ignacio

  Social Sciences                                  Hilton J. Aguja

                                                             Arnold P. Alamon

                                                             Nelia G. Balgoa

                                                             Irish Mae F. Dalona

                                                             Amabelle A. Embornas

  Business Administration                  Safa D. Manala-o

                                                             Alita T. Roxas

  Education                                          Jun Karren V. Caparos

  Nursing                                             Minnie B. Mamauag

                                                             Mae-Lanie O. Poblete

  Staff                                                   Bainorah I. Amate

                                                             Michael Hilarion P. Cabili

                                                             Irene A. Estrada

                                                             Bairam M. Nacas

                                                             Michelle Ann L. Ferolino

                                                             Eulalie Mae C. Zamora

                                                             Mark R. Liao

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 10 No. 2 (1995)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

   

  Editor:                                                           Jaime An Lim

   

  Associate Editor:                                         Marife M. Mamauag

   

  Managing Editor:                                       Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Executive Editor:                                         Jimmy Y. Balacuit

   

   

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 22 No. 2 (2009)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 20 No. 2 (2007)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Copy Editor                                       Arnold P. Alamon

  Production                                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  EDITORIAL BOARD

  Issue Editor                                       Amabelle A. Embornas

  Associate Editor                                German V. Ignacio

  Social Sciences                                  Hilton J. Aguja

                                                             Arnold P. Alamon

                                                             Nelia G. Balgoa

                                                             Irish Mae F. Dalona

                                                             Amabelle A. Embornas

  Business Administration                  Safa D. Manala-o

                                                             Alita T. Roxas

  Education                                          Jun Karren V. Caparos

  Nursing                                             Minnie B. Mamauag

                                                             Mae-Lanie O. Poblete

  Staff                                                   Bainorah I. Amate

                                                             Michael Hilarion P. Cabili

                                                             Irene A. Estrada

                                                             Bairam M. Nacas

                                                             Michelle Ann L. Ferolino

                                                             Eulalie Mae C. Zamora

                                                             Mark R. Liao

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Copy Editor                                       Arnold P. Alamon

  Production                                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  EDITORIAL BOARD

  Issue Editor                                       Amabelle A. Embornas

  Associate Editor                                German V. Ignacio

  Social Sciences                                  Hilton J. Aguja

                                                             Arnold P. Alamon

                                                             Nelia G. Balgoa

                                                             Irish Mae F. Dalona

                                                             Amabelle A. Embornas

  Business Administration                  Safa D. Manala-o

                                                             Alita T. Roxas

  Education                                          Jun Karren V. Caparos

  Nursing                                             Minnie B. Mamauag

                                                             Mae-Lanie O. Poblete

  Staff                                                   Bainorah I. Amate

                                                             Michael Hilarion P. Cabili

                                                             Irene A. Estrada

                                                             Bairam M. Nacas

                                                             Michelle Ann L. Ferolino

                                                             Eulalie Mae C. Zamora

                                                             Mark R. Liao

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 22 No. 1`` (2009)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 12 No. 2 (1997)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Editor:                                                                                                     Jaime An Lim

                                                                                                                   Cesar G. Demayo

   

  Associate Editor:                                                                                                Marite M. Mamauag

   

  Managing Editor:                                                                                              Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Production Assistant:                                                                                        Cherly H. Sabaduquia

   

  Executive Editor:                                                                                                  Jimmy Y. Balacuit

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 21 No. 1 (2008)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Copy Editor                                       Arnold P. Alamon

  Production                                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  EDITORIAL BOARD

  Issue Editor                                       Amabelle A. Embornas

  Associate Editor                                German V. Ignacio

  Social Sciences                                  Hilton J. Aguja

                                                             Arnold P. Alamon

                                                             Nelia G. Balgoa

                                                             Irish Mae F. Dalona

                                                             Amabelle A. Embornas

  Business Administration                  Safa D. Manala-o

                                                             Alita T. Roxas

  Education                                          Jun Karren V. Caparos

  Nursing                                             Minnie B. Mamauag

                                                             Mae-Lanie O. Poblete

  Staff                                                   Bainorah I. Amate

                                                             Michael Hilarion P. Cabili

                                                             Irene A. Estrada

                                                             Bairam M. Nacas

                                                             Michelle Ann L. Ferolino

                                                             Eulalie Mae C. Zamora

                                                             Mark R. Liao

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 9 No. 1 (1994)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Editors:                                Jaime An Lim, Ph.D

   

  Managing Editor:             Alicia D. Bartolome

• 

  The Technician

  Vol. 8 No. 1 (1990)

          THE TECHNICIAN is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts,humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinnions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official viewa or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial  Board. Materials Published  here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher. Inquiries regarding permission to use any material may be sent directly to:

   

  The Editor-in-Chief   

  THE TECHNICIAN 

  Iligan Institute of Technology

                                                                 Iligan City 

                                                                                                                    

  Board of Editors:

  Editor-in-Chief:                                                            Gabino T. Puno

  Ex-Officio Member:                                                    Severino V. Gervacio

  Member:                                                                     Harry Carpio

                                                                                      Paulino Gamolo

   

  Business and Cirulation Manager:                        Eduardo C. Maruhom

  Typist:                                                                       Leda C. Gonzales

  Artist-Illustrator:                                                     Denis R. Orellana 

                                                                             

                                                                                                         

                                                                     

   

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  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 21 No. 2 (2008)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a refereed, semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Copy Editor                                       Arnold P. Alamon

  Production                                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  EDITORIAL BOARD

  Issue Editor                                       Amabelle A. Embornas

  Associate Editor                                German V. Ignacio

  Social Sciences                                  Hilton J. Aguja

                                                             Arnold P. Alamon

                                                             Nelia G. Balgoa

                                                             Irish Mae F. Dalona

                                                             Amabelle A. Embornas

  Business Administration                  Safa D. Manala-o

                                                             Alita T. Roxas

  Education                                          Jun Karren V. Caparos

  Nursing                                             Minnie B. Mamauag

                                                             Mae-Lanie O. Poblete

  Staff                                                   Bainorah I. Amate

                                                             Michael Hilarion P. Cabili

                                                             Irene A. Estrada

                                                             Bairam M. Nacas

                                                             Michelle Ann L. Ferolino

                                                             Eulalie Mae C. Zamora

                                                             Mark R. Liao

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 15 No. 1 (2000)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editors:                                Jaime An Lim, Ph.D

   

  Associate Editor:                Marietta E~peranza P. Cruz

   

  Managing Editor:             Alicia D. Bartolome

   

  Production Assistant:        Cherly S. Adlawan

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 20 No. 1 (2007)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editor:                                                      Christine F. Godinez-Ortega

   

   

   Issue Editor:                                         Ephraim E. Ibarra

   

   

  Production Assistant:                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

   

  Managing Editor:                                Alicia D. Bartolome 

   

   

  Cover

  The tinalak cloth is hand-woven from abaca fiber by the T'bolis who are concentrated around Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. It is predominantly dyed with earthy colors: rust, brown, and black. The close association of the T"bolis with the animal world is reflected in the usual design patterns of the tinalk: stylized frogs, worms, snakes, crocodiles, lizards and other animals in a linear field representing vines and grasses. The name T'boli comes from two root words; tau (meaning small human creature) and bili (meaning fruit of the wild vine).

   

   

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 16 No. 2 (2001)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

  Editor:                                                      Christine F. Godinez-Ortega

   

  Issue Editor:                                         Emma B. Magracia

   

  Associate Editor:                                 Marietta Esperanza P. Cruz

   

  Production Assistant:                        Cherly S. Adlawan

   

  Managing Editor:                                Alicia D. Bartolome 

   

   

  Cover

  The tinalak cloth is hand-woven from abaca fiber by the T'bolis who are concentrated around Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. It is predominantly dyed with earthy colors: rust, brown, and black. The close association of the T"bolis with the animal world is reflected in the usual design patterns of the tinalk: stylized frogs, worms, snakes, crocodiles, lizards and other animals in a linear field representing vines and grasses. The name T'boli comes from two root words; tau (meaning small human creature) and bili (meaning fruit of the wild vine).

   

   

   

   

   

• 

  THE MINDANAO FORUM

  Vol. 16 No. 1 (2001)

  THE MINDANAO FORUM (formerly The Technician) is a semi-annual journal devoted to a scholarly discussion of subjects in the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology. The views and opinions expressed in its pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of MSU-IIT or the Editorial Board. Materials published here may not be reproduced without the permission of the authors and the publisher.

   

   

  Editors:                                Jaime An Lim, Ph.D

                                              Alita Timonera Roxas, D.M

   

  
  Associate Editor:                Marietta E~peranza P. Cruz
  
  

   

  Production Assistant:        Cherly S. Adlawan
  
  

   

  Managing Editor:             Alicia D. Bartolome

   

   

   

  Cover

  The tinalak cloth is hand-woven from abaca fiber by the T'bolis who are concentrated around Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. It is predominantly dyed with earthy colors: rust, brown, and black. The close association of the T"bolis with the animal world is reflected in the usual design patterns of the tinalk: stylized frogs, worms, snakes, crocodiles, lizards and other animals in a linear field representing vines and grasses. The name T'boli comes from two root words; tau (meaning small human creature) and bili (meaning fruit of the wild vine).

   

• 

  Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Innovation (formerly The Mindanao Forum)

  Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026)

  The Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Innovation (APJSI), formerly The Mindanao Forum, is a peer-reviewed journal of Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT) with origins dating back to 1982, making it one of the longest-running academic journals in Mindanao and among the enduring scholarly publications in the Philippines. The journal advances interdisciplinary discussions across the arts, humanities, sciences, and technology, with a growing focus on social innovation and socially relevant research. The views expressed in published articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the University or the Editorial Board. Reproduction of published materials requires permission from the authors and the publisher.

   

   

   

  Editor in Chief:

  Jupert Jasser G. Abellana 

  Editorial Board Members: 

  Oona Thommes Paredes - University of California, Los Angeles

  Primitivo III Cabanes Ragandang,  Mindanao State University-Iligan

  Ma Yuchen - Peking University

  Clarence M. Batan - University of Santo Tomas

  Marjorie Joy S. Almario-Magdadaro, Mindanao State University-Iligan

  Sandeep Poddar- Lincoln University College-Malaysia

  Janet Alexis De Los Santos - Visayas State University

  Amabelle A. Embornas,  Mindanao State University-Iligan

  Vicente Villan - University of the Philippines Diliman

  Retchell Morales - De La Salle University

  Ringgold Atienza - De La Salle University

  Chokchai Yuenyong - Khon Kaen University

  Daisy R. Palompon - Cebu Normal University

  Laurence Garcia - Cebu Normal University

  Julienne Ivan Soberano - University of the Philippines Manila

  Eko Yuliyanto - University of Muhammadiyah Semarang

  Managing Editor: 

  Rholaisa B.  Mamailao

  Production/Circulation Manager: 

  Cherly S. Adlawan